In the first chapter, the main approaches to educational planning as practiced in the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development are described: (1) social demand, which subsumes current and supplementary demand; (2) investment in education; and (3) manpower needs. This chapter also reviews the contemporary use of mathematical models in educational planning based on the above approaches. The second and final chapter discusses problems of planning and forecasting methodology and attempts to reconcile the three approaches by combining the sociopolitical criteria coming under the heading of social demand, the economic and financial rationale required in cost-benefit analysis as applied to education, and the technological requirements of industrial society. Related documents are: ED 057 470, EA 004 323, and EA 004 420-424. (Author/JH)