Conference papers, recommendations, and discussion are compiled, focusing on the complex of problems associated with rapidly expanding urbanization and consequent rural dislocation. Topics exploring the problems included: air and water pollution; program planning and management; solid waste disposal; transportation; housing; crime control; health services; education; innovation; opportunities for State science action; system research and management for State and local systems; organizational fragmentation; mechanisms for resource allocation and program evaluation; new structures for Federal-State-local government cooperation; universities and public service; resources for State manpower and financing; industry and government; new communities; saving old towns; regional cooperation in the use of computers; citizen feedback systems; development of the shore and continental shelf of the northeast region; and technology transfer. Major emphasis was on defining these problems confronted by State and local governments in terms of the potential contribution that science and technology could make to their solutions. However, plenary session papers illustrated not only opportunities, but also social, technical, economic, and institutional obstacles in the path of technological innovation and application. (BL)