To determine the state of the system of justice, identify its major problems, and asses some of its more promising developments, this comprehensive report presents the results of a literature search on crime and justice in American society. Compiled by a university professor, this monograph is one of a series intended to encourage the exchange of views on current issues and directions in the area of crime and delinquency, promote in-depth analyses, and develop pertinent insights and recommendations. Empirical evidence suggests that crime control is better served by informal sanctions than by the formal procedures of arrest, conviction, and punishment. Sociological and criminological theories of deviant behavior are detailed. Law enforcement procedures and correctional institutions are discussed, focusing on the roles of the police, the courts, and the community. Innovative training for the change agents involved in crime control and the planning and implementation of improved correctional systems are two major recommendations of this research study. A wide range of tables present the data, and extensive bibliographies are included. (AG)