Training applications of simulation and miniaturization are examined, as are areas where research is needed to develop cost-effectiveness simulation methodologies for training. In order for simulation and miniaturization techniques to reach maximum levels of effectiveness, systems analysis is needed to define physical and psychological dimensions, relationships, and aspects. Among the aspects of this system to be considered for simulation are equipment components, personnel, organization, system procedures and processes, input data, output data, and environment. Application of this approach to military training is made. (Author)