The major objective of this research is to isolate factors associated with the socialization of members of a voluntary organization. The hypothesis underlying this study is that much of the variance in the dissensus between organizational leaders and rank and file members related to participant obligation can be explained by the measures of perceived benefits, value orientation, and perceived alternative organizations from which these benefits can be received. The sample consisted of 2 subsamples of 50 persons each which were randomly drawn from the organizational members classified by the organization's leaders as "active" and "less active." The results of this study suggest that perceived benefits, both current and anticipated, and the value the respondent attached to the particular type of benefit are related to adult socialization. It was further concluded that the noneconomic benefits were more highly associated with role performance than the economic benefits, and anticipated benefits were generally more highly associated with role learning than were benefits currently received. The study, in focussing on role learning, examined the successful transmission of what the role of member involves; it is recommended that the next step in understanding participation is that of examining the consistency between what the member thinks he should do as a member and his actual behavior. (HBC)