Prepared as a basic reference for in-service programs designed to improve geography instruction at the elementary and secondary levels, the Handbook gives one concise summary of the discipline for curriculum directors, social studies supervisors, and education faculty members in colleges and universities. The stated basic need in geography instruction is for concept development and the stressing of ideas rather than simple facts. To help teachers recognize the transformation in geographic education, the objectives of instruction are clearly defined. Concepts that provide the bonds of continuity for the discipline, the philosophic justification for geography, and its basis and definition are discussed, along with the recommended structure of curriculum. New equipment, materials, and sources available to teachers are listed. Chapters on urban geography, physical geography (weather, climate), population, and resources serve to introduce the reader to a systematic human or cultural topic within the geography discipline. Teaching methods and suggested activities and projects are outlined for each grade level. (JMB)