This publication consists of the contents of a hearing before a subcommittee of the committee on government operations of the United States House of Representatives. The hearing was conducted during the second session of the ninety-first congress in September of 1970. The primary purpose of this hearing was to investigate Federal responsibility in promoting the use of amphetamines to modify the behavior of grammar school children. Such an investigation was stimulated by the indications that these days are being widely employed to ameliorate the effects of what is called minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) in children. Statements were presented by several recognized authorities in the fields of education, child psychology, neuropharmacology, nursing, and chemistry. Supplemental statements and correspondence received by the subcommittee subsequent to the hearing are also presented. In addition, supplemental newspaper and magazine articles pertaining to Federal involvement in the use of behavior modification drugs on grammar school children are appended. (Author/BW)