This comprehensive monograph provides a thorough and critical analysis of previous research on youth smoking, the various influential factors, and anti-smoking education, outlining study and evaluation techniques and instruments, and attitude change methods available in this field. Using this informational base and a broad-scale survey of secondary school students, the author attempted to mount a scientifically based anti-smoking education program. Numerous studies were conducted, and test instruments, educational materials, classroom teaching-learning experiments and prospective surveys were developed. The detailed appendix includes information regarding survey procedures, instruments, their tables and figures, mass communication messages, a description of the teaching unit and materials and the major techniques of investigation. Results of their study regarding smoker and non-smoker characteristics, their efforts to modify behavior, and smoking rates and trends among Illinois youth are discussed in detail, as are the limitations of their study and implications for anti-smoking education programs. The authors stress the absolute necessity of (a) the schools' involvement and (b) the earliness of such preventive programs in the students' educational sequences. (KS)