Relations between black and white Americans have never been amicable, but at few points in history have they been characterized by greater strain than they are now. This study attempts to present a complete picture of the status of black people in the United States at the present time. It begins with their first arrival in 1619 and continues up to the present crisis in race relations. The major emphasis of this sociological study has been placed on an analysis of the forces in American society which have been responsible for creating and maintaining the subordinate position of black people. The following topics are covered: (1) historical background; (2) characteristics of the population; (3) characteristics and development of the black community; (4) socioeconomic status; (5) social institutions; (6) social deviance; (7) black contributions to American life; (8) assimilation into American society; and, (9) the present and future status of blacks. (Author/SB)