The major explanatory interests of 17 studies summarized and individually abstracted in this report are: 1) the relationships between characteristics and conditions of educational systems and processes; and, 2) the pattern and trends in the formation of political and politically relevant attitudes among children and adolescents exposed to such systems and processes. During this part of a 5-year research program which began in 1966 3 studies were set in the U.S., 6 in Africa, and 1 each in Colombia, Micronesia, Venezuela, New Guinea, Malasia, Singapore, Chile, and West Germany. A description of each study's purpose, setting, methodology, and major findings is provided in the 2-4 page abstracts in Chapter 2. An overview of the project's problem areas, its relationship to the growing field of political socialization, and specific project objectives are given in Chapter 1. Chapter 3 includes a discussion of selected empirical findings, recommendations for further research, and methodological notes. Significant factors in attitude development were found to be outside of the formal curriculum: in the general societal context and the organizational and cultural configurations within school settings. Two books by the author, substantially based on the project findings, will be published in 1972. (Author/DJB)