A set of pilot performance reference scales was developed based upon airborne Audio-Video Recording (AVR) of student performance in T-37 undergraduate Pilot Training. After selection of the training maneuvers to be studied, video tape recordings of the maneuvers were selected from video tape recordings already available from a previous research effort. Those discriminable performance events which could be observed using the video tapes were defined, and preliminary performance scales were developed to evaluate the video version of student performance. Through assessment and refining of the preliminary scales, the final pilot performance reference scales were developed. These scales were used by experienced instructor pilots to evaluate the performances shown, and results of these evaluations were analyzed. The study indicated that (a) audio-video recordings of in-flight performance can serve as the basis for the efficient development of pilot performance reference scales; and (b) video tapes can provide sufficient information for performance evaluation purposes. (Author/AG)