The first three chapters of this booklet describe the utilization of observation as a measurement technique, the types of observation systems available, and the necessary components of an observation system. The second part focuses on the following four commonly used observation systems: 1) primary reading checklist, 2) student affective behavior checklist, 3) interaction analysis observation system, and 4) teacher self-appraisal observation system. Each system is analyzed in terms of the following components: 1) common communication structure, 2) coding procedures and format, 3) analysis, 4) ground rules, 5) coding unit, 6) method of observation, and 7) establishing reliability. A final chapter discusses the ways in which these systems can be utilized as evaluative tools for gathering feedback related to the teaching-learning process. (MBM)