This book reports on the Soviet Union's general, secondary, polytechnical schools which have been established recently to teach students to use one foreign language with fluency or near fluency. The author first discusses the long-range and immediate objectives of these special schools. Marxist-Leninist theory and its influence on contemporary Soviet thought are considered. There is a description of the course structure and organization of the school. The second chapter considers the curriculum, its purpose and teaching methodology, Soviet foreign language pedagogy, and Soviet approaches to several methodological principles. The third chapter examines some of the materials used in the English, French, and German classes in the special schools. The final chapter discusses teacher preparation and professional characteristics of teachers in the special schools. A summary, conclusions, and a bibliography are included. Implications for foreign-language education and bilingual education in the United States are offered. (VM)