A 3-year study of the Monongalia County (Morgantown, W. Va.) Follow Through Program is presented. The program, known as Educational Renaissance in Appalachia (ERA), was designed to provide educational countermeasures to assist children in acquiring the ability to question values critically and to develop new concepts in lieu of some of the values and beliefs inherent in poor Appalachian children. Head Start and non-Head-Start pupils were evaluated at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade levels in terms of objectives related to behavior change through value modification, developing a rational value system through nonverbal experiences, language fluency development, improved muscular coordination and sensory discrimination improvement, and nonverbal emphasis on self-concept improvement. With the application of various measurement techniques (including both locally originated and standardized instruments), it was found that Project ERA requires at least 3 years before the learning disadvantages of rural, poor Appalachian children can be overcome. Other findings are presented, along with recommendations and 36 tables of data. (AL)