In order to determine the quality and extent of school desegregation in the South, the authors of this report examined numerous desegregation plans accepted by the Federal government; monitors were sent to over 400 desegregating school districts. The investigators found that: (1) the government's figures on desegregated systems are misleading because individual schools often remain segregated; (2) often the burden has been placed on black schools and parents; (3) within "desegregated" schools, widespread segregation in classrooms and buses and relating to many of the extra-curricular activities still persists; (4) black teachers and staff have been dismissed or demoted; and, (5) the Health, Education and Welfare and the Justice Departments have accepted some desegregation plans which result in resegregation. Underlying these problems is the mistaken belief that desegregation is simply the mixing of black and white students and no more; little attention is considered to have been paid to the way in which student assignment has been effected, or to what happens to black students and faculty in such situations. The report itself is divided into discussion of school desegregation plans, in-school discrimination, and racial discrimination against black teachers and administrators. In particular, the investigation of the loss of black identity, black student reaction, and the assignment of teachers are dealt with. (Author/JW)