This study investigates the relationship between land ownership and social and political participation. A sociological thesis holding that land ownership is the basis of social class distinction and, more importantly, widespread differences in economic and political power is tested in a case study of some 300 farmers in Central Brazil. Findings indicate that the present structure of the rural sector does not provide the nonowners with an opportunity to manage their own interests effectively in the larger society. The study concludes that there is little doubt that there is a consistent, positive relationship between social status and participation. (RL)