In fourteen in-depth studies, this book explores problems and possibilities in employing nonprofessionals in such human service fields as social work, mental health, and psychology. It analyzes the effects of social change on professional structures and practices and, in turn, the social implications of nonprofessional staffing and career development: liberation of the poor (especially inner city Negroes and other disadvantaged minorities) from chronic unemployment; the rational use of manpower; the extension and improvement of services to poor and affluent alike. Difficulties stemming from emphasis on certification and status are considered, followed by training and manpower development efforts, issues in formulating social policies, professional attitudes in clinical psychology, Federal legislation since 1965, and nonprofessional training programs within the Federal government itself. A great need is seen to convince professionals in all fields that, by using nonprofessional aides to perform routine functions and reach certain clientele groups more effectively, they will be able to dedicate their time and skills more fully to their own professional functions of healing and educating. (LY)