This critical review of the literature is concerned with the measurement of scholarly work done by the faculties of universities and colleges. Such measures of output as individual and departmental ratings by scholars, the amount of recognition awarded, the number of publications written, and the number of citations to published work, are discussed and compared. Reference is made to studies that present empirical findings relating these measures to one another. It is concluded that among the alternatives discussed, the citation count is the least biased measure of scholarly work in academic institutions. (Author)