The approach to topographic map production has been highly organized and systematic with respect to scale, projection, grid, etc., so that the user can expect a high degree of locational accuracy. Less attention has been given by cartographers to symbolic information yielded by the map. Symbolization (information reduction) is required at all levels --including that of the survey. A number of factors should be considered in order to clarify what aspect of the feature the symbol is to concentrate on and what is being omitted, so that there is a clear identification of what the symbol is intended to convey to the user. If cartographic symbols can be devised to convey specific attributes of represented features, two other considerations emerge --the graphic structure of the symbols, and the way the user responds to them. If premises are acceptable, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) design of map symbols cannot be isolated from data collecting; 2) if informational content of maps is be increased and improved, there cannot be heavy reliance on photo-interpretation; 3) a more deliberate and systematic attitude about manipulation of graphic image will be necessary to make the map a more effective communication; 4) present interest in a digital form of map information makes sense only if equivalent standards can be applied and maintained. (JLB)