As a part of the final report of the National Study of American Indian Education, this document contains findings of the first background study on the Menominee Indians of Wisconsin. This document reviews important sociocultural and historical factors associated with the Menominee. Socioeconomic conditions are also discussed, especially in light of problems associated with termination of the reservation. The history and current conditions of Menominee Enterprises, Inc., are presented. In addition, findings of the research project conducted by the Menominee Community Action Program Training Center for Community Programs are summarized; this project sought to isolate important education-related variables in the adult Menominee community. Although the educational background of the county is presented in a forthcoming paper, educational characteristics and data are given. Data indicate a high correlation between socioeconomic status and level of formal education or training experience. It is concluded that, with increased educational attainment, needed changes will develop in the socioeconomic conditions of the Menominees; however, the quality of formal education is at least as important as amount of formal education. (AN)