This report of the Lake Mohonk Conference represents a first attempt to establish cross-national quantitative measures of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. It was attended by specialists in educational measurement and comparative education, economists, sociologists, vocational educators and educational, social and vocational psychologists, from the United States, England, Sweden and Germany. The 14 papers cover the following topics: 1) comparative education as a field of inquiry and as an aid to inquiry into educational achievement; 2) the reflection of societal characteristics within the school; 3) political socialization: its implications for an international study of mathematics achievement; 4) relevance and fitness analysis in comparative education; 5) problems of aggregating scores for a measure of total achievement; 6) aggregate costs, output, and school schievement; 7) the "fit" between education and work; 8) a social model for considering the effects of interpersonal forces on the pupil as a learner; 9) overt versus latent teacher attitudes; 10) the reward system of the school; 11) roles and social expectations in school and work systems; 12) research on self concept; 13) the role of continuing education, and 14) lifelong learning in the "educative society". (MBM)