As a part of the Final Report of the National Study of American Indian Education, this document describes the town of Eagle Butte, South Dakota, on the Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation approximately 100 years after the signing of the 1868 Treaty with the Sioux. A 3-member research team collected data via interviews with students, parents, teachers, administrators, and influential persons. Historical background, physical features, tribal government, economic and employment opportunities, and community action programs are discussed, as are housing, health, social services, and recreation. Aspects of education related to the administration, teachers, students, curriculum, physical facilities, relations with parents and community, and adult education are explored. Maps and tables pertinent to the reservation are included. (AN)