The author emphasizes the difficulties of advising, the problems the adviser will meet in carrying out his job, and the sensitive relationship between the adviser and the advised. He considers the useful things which the adviser might do, and discusses the many roles an adviser can assume once he has adjusted to the host country and established a good working relationship of confidence and reciprocity with his colleagues. In conclusion he warns that each adviser has to create his own job within the limits set for him by the government. This booklet was prepared to be one of a series concerning educational planning sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (Author/JY)