Programs and experiences in University training of manpower personnel for work with lower class minority groups are evaluated. The conclusions focus on problems that lead to limited implementation of new ideas and skills by trainees when they return to their jobs. Primary among these are: (1) limitations due to characteristics of trainees; (2) limitations due to the organizational structure and values of Employment Service (ES) as a System; and (3) limitations due to the attitudes and skills of the University staff and the format of training. The training, it was found, fails to come to grips with the following: (1) application of the skills covered in training to the ES context; (2) specific implementation problems raised by intra-staff conflicts; and (3) deeply ingrained middle class attitudes as barriers to understanding. Based on these findings, the University of Chicago conducted a training program for Chicago Area Employment Service Counselors which diverged significantly from previous programs in all deficient areas. The program is thoroughly outlined and follow-up evaluation discussed. (TL)