This paper traces the history of the College Entrance Examination Board from its beginnings through its operations in 1966. Using materials drawn from various published and unpublished sources both of the Board and of the Educational Testing Service, summary accounts of objectives, formats, manner of administration, scoring, and critical evaluations of the Admissions Testing Program (including the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the several achievement Tests), the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test, the College-Level Examination Program, and the Advanced Placement Program are presented. The use of test internationally is also treated. Particular attention is paid to research undertaken by the Board, especially in relation to a report made to the trustees of the Board in 1964. This report identified the Board's research and development programs as having the following objectives: to describe and project changes in the admissions process, to develop models of the admissions process, to develop strategies for dealing with existing or anticipated problems, to implement programs for effecting strategies, and to evaluate new programs. Among the areas noted as necessitating further research were: students' motives to attend college; guidance procedures; channels of access to higher education; financial restrictions; admissions procedures and standards; and, the problems of the talented, disadvantaged, and international student. (RJ)