Literature on program budgeting is synthesized. Program budgeting has progressed considerably in development and use, but only recently has it been used by the public schools. Program budgeting is practiced differently, depending on the mission of an organization or school district. With regard to schools, literature on the subject is mainly limited to the actual working budget and its reporting documents, which provide the most current information. However, writings by program budgeting authorities in other fields have general application for schools. In industry, program budgeting essentially is comprehensive long-range planning, which is related to departmental plans. Cost-benefit analysis is used to analyze the investment returns on expenditure choices. When applied to traditional budgeting in the schools, program budgeting focuses on end-product activities based on expenditure choices. This method involves long-range planning rather than the examination of minute object-of-expenditure details. A 126-entry bibliography is appended. (Author/DE)