The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of a cigarette smoking environment on children of elementary school age. Physical effects were looked for, as were differences between children from smoking homes and non-smoking homes, and male subjects and female subjects. A total of 103 children were divided into two groups, Group A placed in both a smoking and non-smoking environment; and Group B in a smoking environment only. Based on the results of the tests, the following conclusions were offered: (1) cigarette smoke which accumulates in poorly ventilated enclosures increased the heart rate, blood pressure and amount of carbon monoxide in non-smoking elementary school children; (2) the smoking environments effect upon the non-smoker in the environment is similar to the cigarette smoke's effect on a smoker but on a reduced scale; (3) non-smoking elementary school age children from non-smoking homes react in much the same manner to a 30 minute exposure to a smoking environment as to non-smoking elementary school age children from smoking homes. (Author/KJ)