The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not significant differences exist between teachers and principals in their perception of who should take the leadership role in handling specific tasks in an elementary school setting. A total of 55 such tasks, representing six major categories of activity, were included in a survey distributed to a sampling of elementary school principals and teachers throughout the state of Illinois. The data provided by this study (presented in various tables and analyzed by task-categories) is intended to be of value in altering current educational systems and structures to provide for more realistic leadership patterns. Chi-square analyses indicated wide disagreement (P<.01) relative to 25 tasks, and moderate disagreement (P<.05) relative to an additional 12 tasks. Areas in which disagreement was most apt to be found between teacher and principal perceptions were those in which the principal works indirectly with building personnel in the area of administration and supervision. Appendixes include the complete Job Responsibility Survey and the six-part Item Classification System. (Author/JS)