The magnitude of the low-income population in Texas as compared with the rest of the nation was analyzed. Data were acquired from the 1960 U. S. Census of Population. Among the characteristics examined were rural and urban residence, occupation, age, sex, education of the family head, and ethnic background. The criterion used for designating poverty was income under $3,000 per family. The conclusion reached was that poverty exists disproportionately among the poorly educated, rural residents (particularly farm operators and farm laborers), minority groups, and families whose heads are not likely to be employed. Identification of the poverty group suggested implications for action programs dealing with the two basic categories of people involved in poverty. Programs needed to be instituted for those for whom remedial action would provide more opportunities. Programs were needed for those who could not hope to raise their incomes by increased education or higher pay scales (e.g., persons receiving pensions, welfare, or social security). More research and vigorous application of existing knowledge were considered essential. (CM)