A picture of the present conditions of the Oglala Sioux Indian tribe is offered in an effort to provide insight into how to improve the life and spirit of this tribe of the northern plains. Socioeconomic characteristics and sociopsychological problems are utilized in describing the conditions. Information on their history and traditional culture is also included. Data for this report were gathered from the Baseline Data Study and other research conducted by Community Mental Health Program staff. Demographic information, history, economic factors, education, health and medical facilities, social organization, and mental and social disorders are included in the discussion. Remedies are suggested for the deficiencies found by the research. (SW)