The overall idea of programed learning plays an important role in the learning process, but it does not contain any sensational discoveries or unusual points. Importance resides in the perfection of the existing systems and methods of learning with the use of the achievements of modern science, and particularly of radio electronics and cybernetics. Modern group and mass teaching processes are joined with individualized features by machines and textbooks which present the study material, control its assimilation, and transmit confirmation to the student concerning the correct assimilation of the material. To prepare material for a textbook or teaching machine, the author must himself first structure the material; a formidable task. Then he must choose one of a variety of formats, form a bridge between conventional teaching aids and programed aids to "pure" programed textbooks or direct communication with a machine. Teaching machines are further classified according to the functions performed in the learning process, the programing principle involved, the feedback method, the method of direct communication, structural peculiarities of the machine, and the type of teaching. Programed texts and teaching machines already in use in Russia are described. (MM)