A combination research and demonstration project focuses on the improvement of education for disadvantaged children. After gathering data and analyzing the information about the behavior of culturally disadvantaged children, the knowledge gained was used to develop educational methodology for improved instruction. The final report includes a review of the related literature and a bibliography plus description of the basic purpose and design of the project. The experimental sample included one rural school serving small and scattered settlements in the Appalachia area and one urban school serving a large, contained, poor community in the midst of an eastern metropolis of Pennsylvania. The document contains many tables showing the combined test and pretest results of the subjects in the program and tests for significant differences. Completing the report is an inclusion of appendices on the reading program, math program, urban school workshop agenda, rural and urban teacher evaluation, urban school workshop report and test-retest correlations. (DB)