References to literature published before July 1968 on computer-assisted instruction (CAI) are presented in this survey. Nine subject area chapters, providing the framework for the references, deal with general statements on CAI (including benefits, state of the art, problems, roles in society, financial support, and trends); applications of CAI through reports from operating programs in the United States; major centers of CAI research, development, and application; systems analysis and design of CAI, computer hardware used in CAI, and prepackaged CAI systems which are available commercially; programing languages in general and specific references to problem and calculating languages, text processing languages, compilers, assemblers, and utility programs; theories of learning which support the use of educational technology and CAI, and the instructional strategies which mediate the interaction between students and computers; stimulus presentation strategies which maximize student potential, and student response modes and their measurement; production and evaluation of useful and interesting programs; and factors involved in implementing and administrating CAI programs. (SP)