The area of Appalachia, peopled largely by white Anglo Saxons who have retained many of their old folkways, has based its economic life on coal mining, forestry, and subsistence farming. Since these activities have provided increasingly inadequate opportunities, the prevailing low levels of income, education, and community facilities in urban, rural, and rural nonfarm areas in Appalachia are substandard as compared to other areas of the U. S. In housing in 1960 only 60.8% of all dwelling units were found in sound condition as compared to 75.2% in areas outside Appalachia. Because of depressed conditions in Appalachia large numbers of people have migrated out of the region. To help solve the problems of poverty the Appalachian Regional Development Act was passed in 1965. Some of the programs funded by the act were: (1) building of highways; (2) construction of regional health centers; (3) mining area restoration; (4) construction of vocational educational facilities; and (5) timber development organizations. (RH)