This report summarizes the results of a 1967 survey designed to obtain a better understanding of the characteristics, duties, and opinions of the nation's elementary school principals. A questionnaire mailed to a national sample of 2,551 elementary school principals elicited a 91.7% response rate. These responses are described in 11 chapters containing 104 tables which provide the following types of information about the elementary school principal: (1) Personal and professional characteristics, (2) experience and preparation, (3) working conditions, (4) salary rates, (5) administrative responsibilities, (6) organizational responsibilities, (7) resource utilization, (8) supervisory responsibilities, (9) relationship with the community, (10) use and evaluation of organizational and instructional innovations, and (11) use and evaluation of selected special school programs. In the final chapter, the general results of the survey are compared with the results of a similar survey of the nation's principals conducted in 1958, and several problem areas which may affect the future role of the elementary school principal are suggested. (JH)