The corrective socialization approach to the treatment of childhood schizophrenia which involves modification of the environment to allow the child to close maturational gaps is discussed. Also discussed is the therapeutic setting of the Ittleson Center for Child Research: the facilities, the structured environment, and the child centered climate. Thirty-two case studies illustrate problems in the areas of self awareness; awareness of the outside world in terms of familiarity, strangeness, time and space orientation, and separation anxiety; the struggle against awareness through the illusion of omnipotence and defense by withdrawal; communication problems; and conflictual behavior patterns. A conclusion and a list of research reports and publications of the Center are included. (RP)