An extensive study, reported in three separately published sections, was made to determine primary aspects of the current consolidation and redistricting of local school districts. Basic procedures used to gather information included a survey of related literature, visitations to county and intermediate educational agencies in Iowa and other States, and utilization of consultants in the field. Section I introduces the problem and stresses the importance of relevant research. Study procedures are described and key terms are defined. The focal points of the literature review are the history and development of the middle echelon agency, its advantages and disadvantages, and the future of the intermediate unit. A description of the intermediate unit as it currently exists includes general descriptions of effective criteria, organization, administration, programs and services, financing, staffing, and pertinent legislation. Various organizational and operational patterns of intermediate units are analyzed, and 16 functioning intermediate units are cited for purposes of comparison and analysis. Documents EA 001 332 through 001 336 report the findings of a single study funded under Title III of ESEA. (JK)