The article initially treats the difference between measurement (quantitative) and evaluation (qualitative) and explains the essentials for meaningful evaluation as being clearly defined course objectives, teaching methods, and testing procedures. The educational objectives in the "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Cognitive Domain" are then considered as an acceptable guide to testing. Advantages and disadvantages of objective and essay tests and their relevance to these educational goals are considered. Particular testing techniques for students at different levels of reading and writing skill are identified, and suggestions are made for the composition and grading of essay tests. (AF)