In order to identify orientation and mobility skills essential for young blind children, a master list of skills was compiled from developmental studies and teachers' observations and formed into a scale comprised of 47 subscales, each of which had three or more items arranged in developmental order. Scaling was done by jury judgment and by full trial with the children and refined to 26 subscales which related to self-help in travel, formal orientation and mobility pre-cane skills, movement in space, use of sensory cues in travel, and directions and turns. A test-retest procedure with 41 subjects was used to test the reliability. Norming data was collected on 173 subjects, ages 3 to 12, who were representative of elementary age blind children. All were blind or had light perception only, and had normal intelligence and no physical disabilities which would interfere with orientation and mobility. Twenty-four test items which possessed an acceptable range of difficulty (20 to 80%) and a high reliability (.91 for the entire form) were used to construct a short form. The remaining promising items were used to construct instructional tasks in orientation and mobility for young blind children (34 items) and pre-cane orientation and mobility skills (25 items). Forty-four references, 11 tables, and the instruments are given. (Author/SN)