This study in the eastern and western regions of Nigeria was designed (1) to analyze extension administrator perceptions of the application of selected planning principles in the ideal and actual situation, and of sociocultural influences on program planning and implementation; and (2) to suggest ways of improving program planning and implementation. Interviews, a questionnaire, and statistical coefficients were used. Within regions and administrator categories, consensus was low on the application of principles. Some agreement was indicated on individual planning principles (scope and objectives, planning and organization, agricultural investment). The two regions differed on perceptions as to which factors were most favorable, but consensus was high on factors (family values, ecological and demographic factors) seen as unfavorable to the extension program. A number of the administrators had a relatively short experience in their present positions; and training in extension methods and social sciences was generally slight. The main conclusions included a lack of congruency between organizational goals and program implementation, relatively high consensus on obstacles and stimulants to change, and a felt need to improve the quality of extension education in Nigeria. (author/ly)