The major purpose of this study was to test the effects on later employment of having a high school diploma or having skill training but no diploma. This report is limited to the immediate effects of two experimental programs for dropouts. Four groups of students were utilized: (1) the diploma group of 115 students who had dropped out of school but came back for 1 year after which they received a diploma, (2) the skill training group of 128 students who had dropped out but came back for 1 year of vocational training, (3) the control group of 91 students who had dropped out but were offered vocational guidance and financial incentives to participate, and (4) the graduate group of 85 students who were seniors matched with the experimental subjects on race, sex, curriculum and I.Q. The diploma group benefited the most as measured by psychological tests. Chapters are devoted to the social and psychological aspects of school withdrawal, students' evaluation of the program, human relations in the program, and teacher characteristics. The appendixes include the analysis of pre- and post-test results and a student interview-questionnaire. (EM)