A previous study was successful in designing an instrument to measure motivation which can be used with preschool children. The purpose of the present research was (1) to develop further the new instrument by giving it an initial trial on a substantial number of subjects, (2) to select and revise the test items on the basis of item analysis, and (3) to identify the factorial structure underlying the preschool childrens' responses. This study was conducted in Hawaii and involved 4- and 5-year -old children. Of the 182 subjects, 114 attended Head Start classes and 68 attended private preschools. The test instrument consisted of 200 items, each composed of a pair of figures and a short situational setting. The two figures in the item represented different responses to the situation. The child was told the situation and asked to choose the response he would make. Each response had a different motivational overtone. Thus, an evaluation of all of the child's responses provided an indication of his motivational structure. The item analysis of the data led to the elimination of 100 unnecessary items. The factorial structure was tentatively mapped, and data will be gathered to explore the validity of the instrument. Research is being planned to use this instrument to teach motivation to preschoolers. (WD)