TWO CHIEF AIMS OF THIS CHAPTER ARE TO TAKE A BROAD NEW LOOK AT THE MAJOR PROBLEM AREAS OF CONCERN TO MANPOWER POLICY AND TO POINT THE WAY TOWARD MORE COMPREHENSIVE AND SENSITIVE MEASURES OF PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN THESE AREAS. IN ADDITION TO THE REDUCTION OF JOBLESSNESS AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT, SOME OF THE IMPROTANT AREAS OF MANPOWER CONCERN WHICH REQUIRE BETTER MEASUREMENT ARE (1) THE ADEQUACY OF WORKERS' EARNINGS, INCLUDING MINIMUM WAGE STANDARDS AND ANNUAL EARNINGS, (2) THE CONCEPT OF SUBEMPLOYMENT WHICH IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A SUMMARY MEASURE OF THE COMPOUNDED IMPACT OF BOTH UNEMPLOYMENT AND LOW EARNINGS ON THE SAME GROUP OF WORKERS, (3) PROVISIONS FOR INCOME MAINTENANCE WHEN WORKERS ARE INVOLUNTARYILY UNEMPLOYED, DISABLED, OR RETIRED, (4) THE QUALITY OF EMPLOYMENT, INCLUDING PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF WORK, (5) THE EXTENT OF EQUALITY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS, AND (6) THE SUCCESS IN MEETING THE MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS OF OUR ECONOMY AND SOCIETY, INCLUDING THE EXTENT AND NATURE OF CURRENT LABOR SHORTAGES AND MANPOER IMBALANCES, PROSPECTIVE MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS, AND THE CHANGES IN RATES OF TRAINING AND JOB MARKET MECHANISMS ESSENTIAL TO MEET MANPOWER DEMANDS. WITH WELL-DEVELOPED MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES, IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE, WITHIN A LIMITED AREA, TO PINPOINT PROBLEMS AS THEY EMERGE AND EVEN TO ACHIEVE SOME FORWARNING OF THEM FROM KNOWLEDGE OF HOW EVENTS AFFECT ONE ANOTHER. TO TEST THE VALIDITY AND UTILITY OF EXISTING MEASURES, TO EVOLVE MORE EFFECTIVE ONES, AND TO IDENTIFY AREAS WHERE NEW MEASURES ARE NEEDED WILL BE CONTINUING RESEARCH CHALLENGES IF A SYSTEM OF MANPOWER INDICATORS IS TO BECOME A FRUITFUL REALITY. THIS CHAPTER APPEARS IN "MANPOWER REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT AND REPORT ON MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS, RESOURCES, UTILIZATION, AND TRAINING" (1968) AVAILABLE AS VT 001 025. (ET)