REVIEWED ARE (1) THE ACTIVITIES OF RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION (R AND I) UNITS IN TWO MILWAUKEE SCHOOLS DURING THE 1966-67 SCHOOL YEAR, AND (2) THE RESULTS OF FIELD TESTING OF R AND I UNITS. PART 1 PROVIDES A DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PROGRAM. PARTS 2 AND 3 REPORT AND EVALUATE THE RESULTS OF TWO CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS OF MOTIVATIONAL PROCEDURES AND INDIVIDUALIZATION OF INSTRUCTION CONDUCTED IN THE UNITS. IN ONE STUDY, ALTHOUGH NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS FOUND BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF TEACHING FOURTH-GRADERS ARITHMETIC, BOTH GROUPS OF STUDENTS MADE PROGRESS AS GREAT AS OR GREATER THAN THEIR AVERAGE RATE OF PROGRESS SINCE ENTERING SCHOOL. IN THE OTHER STUDY, FIRST-GRADERS WHO HAD SIXTH-GRADE HELPERS (MODELS) IN ARITHMETIC PERFORMED SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN PUPILS WHO DID NOT HAVE HELPERS. PART 4 REPORTS A SUMMARIZATION OF THE FIELD TESTING OF R AND I UNITS. CONCLUDED WAS THAT THE TOTAL RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITS CLEARLY INDICATE THAT THIS TYPE OF ORGANIZATION IN ITS FIRST YEAR PERFORMED ITS INSTRUCTIONAL, RESEARCH, AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES EXCEEDINGLY WELL. (DS)