TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF INFERIOR EDUCATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT WHICH MAKES MANY NEGROES MEMBERS OF A DISADVANTAGED CLASS, GOOD EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY EDUCATION AND JOB TRAINING FOR ADULTS. HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSIONS, SCHOOL SYSTEMS, NEGRO LEADERS, AND COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAMS HAVE USUALLY FAILED TO PROVIDE PROGRAMS TO UPGRADE THE NEGRO LABOR FORCE. YET JOB TRAINING HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS--WHEN BASED IN THE COMMUNITY AND RESULTING FROM NEGRO PRESSURE AND ASPIRATIONS, WHEN RELATED TO THE NEEDS FELT BY THE NEGRO POOR THEMSELVES, AND WHEN TRAINEES BECOME EMPLOYED. A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM HAS BEEN THE TRADE UNION LEADERSHIP COUNCIL IN DETROIT WHICH HAS WITHIN TWO YEARS TRAINED AND PLACED ABOUT 600 PERSONS. IT HAS BEEN SPONSORED AND STAFFED BY VOLUNTEERS, FINANCED BY LOCAL CONTRIBUTORS, AND USED THE NEGRO COMMUNITY BOTH AS SOURCE OF STUDENTS AND OF FUNDS, IDEAS, STAFF, AND LEADERS. A SIMILAR PROGRAM IN PHILADELPHIA IS THE OPPORTUNITIES INDUSTRIALIZATION CENTER. A PROMISING PROGRAM BEING DEVELOPED IN DETROIT IS THE TOTAL ACTION AGAINST POVERTY, A NEIGHBORHOOD-ORIENTED, COMPREHENSIVE COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM PLACING HIGH PRIORITY ON JOB TRAINING FOR ADULTS. THIS DOCUMENT IS CHAPTER 17 IN EMPLOYMENT, RACE, AND POVERTY, EDITED BY ARTHUR M. ROSS AND HERBERT HILL, PUBLISHED BY HARCOURT, BRACE AND WORLD, NEW YORK. (AJ)