ALTHOUGH IT EMPHASIZES ACADEMIC LIBRARIES, THIS STUDY ALSO INCLUDES THE NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL LIBRARIES, LARGE PUBLIC LIBRARIES, AND SPECIAL LIBRARIES THAT SERVE CANADIAN SCHOLARS, STUDENTS, AND RESEARCH WORKERS. WITH THE DATA OBTAINED FROM A QUESTIONNAIRE ON LIBRARY STATISTICS AND HOLDINGS, VISITS TO THE LIBRARIES, INTERVIEWS WITH LIBRARIANS AND UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL, AND A POLL OF FACULTY AND STUDENT OPINIONS ON LIBRARY SERVICES, FOUR MAJOR AREAS WERE COVERED IN THE SURVEY--RESOURCES, TECHNIQUES, SERVICE, AND ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE. THE CENTRAL FOCUS OF THE STUDY IS THE RAPID INCREASE IN STUDENT POPULATION, ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASE IN FACULTY, THE "INFORMATION EXPLOSION," NEW TECHNOLOGY, RISING PUBLISHING RATE, SHORTAGE OF PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIANS, INADEQUATE LIBRARY BUILDINGS, CHANGES IN INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS, AND NEW EMPHASIS ON RESEARCH. THE SURVEY REVEALS THAT NEVER BEFORE HAVE CANADIAN LIBRARIES RECEIVED THE ATTENTION AND SUPPORT NOW ACCORDED THEM, BUT SUCCESSFUL LIBRARY PERFORMANCE WILL REQUIRE MUCH PROGRESS AND GENERAL IMPROVEMENT. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTIVE ACTION INVOLVE THE AREAS OF WRITTEN POLICY STATEMENTS, CENTRALIZATION, SUBJECT SPECIALISTS, BOOK SELECTION TOOLS AND ORDER PROCEDURES, STRONG REFERENCE SYSTEMS, THE NATIONAL UNION CATALOGUE, PHOTOCOPYING FACILITIES, BUILDINGS PLANNED FOR THE FUTURE, ACADEMIC STATUS FOR PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIANS, LIBRARY AUTOMATION AND MECHANIZATION, COOPERATION, SUSTAINED AND INCREASED FINANCIAL SUPPORT, AND IMPROVEMENT OF RESOURCES TO MEET CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES (CACUL) STANDARDS. A SUBJECT LIST OF SPECIAL COLLECTIONS IN CANADIAN LIBRARIES, A 132-ITEM BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND THE CHECKLISTS OF REFERENCE BOOKS AND PERIODICALS USED FOR THE SURVEY ARE APPENDED. THIS STUDY WAS SUPPORTED BY THE CANADA COUNCIL AND THE COUNCIL ON LIBRARY RESOURCES AND IS AVAILABLE FOR $5.00 FROM THE ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES OF CANADA, 151 SLATER STREET, OTTAWA 4, CANADA. (JB)