THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES MEASURES USED IN "THE COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENTS OF URBAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN" PROJECT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. THE SAMPLE FOR THE STUDY CONSISTED OF 163 NEGRO MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS SELECTED FROM 3 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES BASED ON THE FATHER'S OCCUPATION AND THE PARENTS' EDUCATION. A FOURTH GROUP INCLUDED FATHER-ABSENT FAMILIES. THE MOTHERS WERE INTERVIEWED AT HOME AND THE MOTHERS AND CHILDREN WERE TESTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WHEN THE CHILDREN WERE 4 YEARS OLD. FOLLOW-UP DATA WERE OBTAINED WHEN THE CHILDREN WERE 6 AND AGAIN WHEN THEY WERE 7. THE "ETCH-A-SKETCH" TASK WAS THE LAST OF 3 MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTION TASKS GIVEN DURING THE SECOND UNIVERSITY TESTING SESSION. THE OTHER 2 ARE DESCRIBED IN MANUALS PS 000 486 AND PS 000 487. THE "ETCH-A-SKETCH" TOY USED HAS 2 KNOBS WHICH CONTROL THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL MOTIONS OF AN ERASABLE LINE TRACE. THE MOTHER WAS SHOWN HOW TO USE THE TOY FIRST AND WAS ALLOWED TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH IT. SHE WAS THEN GIVEN AN OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW IT TO HER CHILD. THE TESTER THEN ASKED THEM TO COPY 5 FIGURES OF INCREASING COMPLEXITY DRAWN ON CARDS, WITH THE MOTHER WORKING ONE KNOB AND THE CHILD THE OTHER. THE FIGURES PRODUCED WERE TRACED BY THE TESTER FOR SCORING. FOUR PERFORMANCE MEASURES, BASED ON THE DRAWN FIGURE AND THE TIME TAKEN TO COMPLETE IT, WERE OBTAINED. IN ADDITION, THE MOTHER WAS SCORED ON 3 TEACHING MEASURES BASED ON (1) PRACTICE PERIOD BEHAVIOR, (2) SPECIFICITY OF DIRECTIONS, AND (3) USE OF THE CARDS AS MODELS. THE COMPLETE SET OF PROJECT MANUALS COMPRISES PS 000 475 THROUGH PS 000 492. (DR)