THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES MEASURES USED IN "THE COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENTS OF URBAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN" PROJECT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. THE SAMPLE FOR THE STUDY CONSISTED OF 163 NEGRO MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS SELECTED FROM 3 SOCIOECONOMIC CLASSES BASED ON THE FATHER'S OCCUPATION AND THE PARENTS' EDUCATION. A FOURTH GROUP INCLUDED FATHER-ABSENT FAMILIES. THE MOTHERS WERE INTERVIEWED AT HOME AND THE MOTHERS AND CHILDREN WERE TESTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WHEN THE CHILDREN WERE 4 YEARS OLD. FOLLOW-UP DATA WERE OBTAINED WHEN THE CHILDREN WERE 6 AND AGAIN WHEN THEY WERE 7. THE TWENTY QUESTIONS TASK WAS GIVEN AT THE FIRST TESTING SESSION AT THE UNIVERSITY. THE MOTHERS WERE GIVEN A TERSE DESCRIPTION OF AN AUTO ACCIDENT AND WERE REQUESTED TO ASK QUESTIONS ANSWERABLE BY "YES" OR "NO" TO DISCOVER WHY IT HAPPENED. THE RESPONSES WERE RECORDED VERBATIM AND THE SUBJECTS WERE SCORED ACCORDING TO SUCCESS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM AND THE STRATEGY USED IN QUESTIONING. IN SCORING STRATEGIES, EACH QUESTION WAS CLASSED ACCORDING TO 4 CATEGORIES--(1) BROAD FOCUSING, (2) NARROW FOCUSING, (3) TRIAL AND ERROR, OR (4) IRRELEVANT. THE PERCENTAGE OF QUESTIONS FALLING IN EACH CATEGORY WAS COMPUTED. THE COMPLETE SET OF PROJECT MANUALS COMPRISES PS 000 475 THROUGH PS 000 492. (DR)