CIVIL RIGHTS DEMONSTRATIONS, RIOTS, AND OTHER COLLECTIVE MANIFESTATIONS OF UNREST IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY SHOULD BE VIEWED AS A DEVELOPING SOCIAL MOVEMENT ROOTED IN CERTAIN BACKGROUND CONDITIONS OF INEQUALITY. PREVIOUSLY NEGRO LEADERS ADVOCATED ATTAINING EQUAL RIGHTS WITHIN THE WHITE POWER STRUCTURE, BUT NOW THE "MOTIVATIONAL BASE" FOR THE MOVEMENT FOR EQUALITY HAS SHIFTED TO DEMANDS, ESPECIALLY FROM THE BLACK MUSLIMS, FOR DISSOCIATION FROM WHITE STANDARDS AND INSTITUTIONS AND FOR AN IDENTIFICATION WITH OTHER NONWHITE PEOPLES IN THEIR STRUGGLE FOR AUTONOMY. SINCE THE MOVEMENT IS SHAPED BY INCREASINGLY URGENT DEMANDS FROM THE NEGRO RANK AND FILE, THEIR LEADERS HAVE ASSUMED AN INCREASINGLY MILITANT STAND. AND ALTHOUGH IT IS CHARACTERISTICALLY DIVIDED INTO FACTIONS OF CONSERVATIVE AND MILITANT GROUPS, THE MOVEMENT HAS MADE EFFECTIVE GAINS TOWARD THE GROUP SOLIDARITY NECESSARY FOR "BLACK POWER." WHITE EFFORTS TO DEAL WITH THE BLACK COMMUNITY MUST RECOGNIZE THIS NEW MILITANT MOOD AND THE MOVEMENT'S LEADERSHIP, HOWEVER EXTREME. NO TOKEN INPUT OF FUNDS WILL NOW END THE WIDESPREAD DISSATISFACTION OF THE NEGRO. HE WILL REALIZE HIS HUMAN RIGHTS WHEN HE GAINS FULL PARTICIPATION IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES WHICH HAVE FOR SO LONG DETERMINED HIS DESTINY, AND WHEN WHATEVER EXISTING WHITE RACISM IS ELIMINATED. THIS INVITED ADDRESS WAS PREPARED FOR THE CONFERENCE ON THE CHANGING BLACK COMMUNITY, ORGANIZED BY THE PENNSYLVANIA HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION, EPHRATA, PENNSYLVANIA, FEBRUARY 5-8, 1968. (LB)