THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE PRESENT EXCHANGE OF RESOURCES BY PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMIC AND SPECIAL LIBRARIES AND SUGGESTS MEANS FOR A MORE EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF COOPERATION, BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE STATE HAS A RESPONSIBILITY IN THIS AREA. QUESTIONNAIRES WERE SENT TO SPECIAL, COLLEGE, AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES FOR INFORMATION ON INTERLIBRARY LOAN INVOLVEMENT, AND PERSONAL INTERVIEWS WERE ALSO HELD WITH THE ACADEMIC AND LIBRARY STAFFS AT EIGHT SMALLER COLLEGES. USE OF THE PHILADELPHIA UNION LIBRARY CATALOG AND EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE LIBRARY WERE BOTH STUDIED FROM SAMPLES OF THEIR REQUESTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT A VOLUNTARY SYSTEM OF EXCHANGE EXISTS, AND IT CAN BE DESCRIBED BY CURVES OF USE ACCORDING TO TYPE OF LIBRARY. SUGGESTIONS FOR A MORE EFFECTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDE--(1) AGREED UPON SCOPE FOR THE VARIED INSTITUTIONS, (2) A MULTI-CENTERED AND STATE-WIDE SYSTEM WITH REGIONAL AND STATE PROGRAMS, (3) NO REQUIREMENTS OF TOTAL RESOURCE COMMITMENT OR LIMITATION OF AN INSTITUTION'S ACTIVITIES, (4) GOALS TO LOWER BARRIERS TO USE AND INCREASE TOTAL RESOURCES, AND (5) MEASUREMENT OF USE. INITIATIVE FOR THE PROGRAM SHOULD COME FROM THE STATE, AND IMMEDIATE FURTHER STUDY SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY A DETAILED PROGRAM STATEMENT. AN APPENDIX SUGGESTS A DATA BANK TO MAKE CERTAIN DATA GATHERED BY STATE AGENCIES AVAILABLE. (JB)